The city of Halabja is in northeast Iraq, fifteen km from
the Iranian border. It became
infamous for Saddam Hussein's gassing of its citizens as part of the Anfal
Campaign that killed 100,000 Kurds during 1987-88. Mr. Aris Agram from the Halabja Monument Association told
CPT his personal story of loss and survival.
Early in 1988, in the final year of the Iran-Iraq war,
Iran's troops invaded and occupied Halabja, supported by the Kurdish militia. Â In response, Iraq began bombing the
area. Â From 13-15 March, there was heavy
fighting in the city. Â Casualties
streamed to the hospital, which ran out of medications.  Then came 16 March 1988. The Iraqi military dropped cluster
bombs across the city, killing many children and the mothers accompanying them
home from school. They also
dropped bombs with white phosphorus that eats through flesh down to the bone. Â Then they dropped 500-pound bombs, which
can blast craters twenty feet deep, and killed more people huddled in their
home made bomb shelters. Â Finally, they
dropped the poison gas bombs that instantly killed 5,000 people-90% of those
remaining in the city, mostly children, the elderly, or the injured who had not
been able to flee. Â Another 7,000 in
the region were injured and many died later from the long-term effects of the
gas, probably a cocktail of cyanide, mustard gas, VX, and Tabin-ingredients
sold to Iraq by the U.S.A. and countries in Asia and Europe